First of all, sorry to hear about the way you feel, so what are you going to about it concerning your job, there are only two options we humans have that is flight or fight, flight means you run away from the job so to speak or fight means you want to keep it (for now anyway)
Now you say you have a meeting with “management (I reserve my judgement on the title “management”) and to say its to discuss your progress, OK, nothing wrong with that, you think it will be detrimental?
Well I ask you this have you ever actually had verbal warnings concerning your progress from management, I also mean the words “this is a verbal warning” were said to you?
Have you ever had a written warning concerning your progress?
I suspect you have not, so why if you think things are that bad, then why have they not given you at least a verbal warning, and I’m not talking about the odd comment made due to a mistake, christ we all make mistakes that’s normal.
I think this meeting is a progress meeting as you said, but not a character assassination.
One thing I would do in your nervous state (quite normal and understandable) is request either, a union rep is with you in the meeting if your not in a union, or they are not recognised, then request a colleague is in the meeting with you for support and will witness the “atmosphere” (it does not have to be your line manager, its your choice).
If any management person wants to bully or what ever an employee, they will not do it with someone else there, trust me, they do not want a bullying accusation made to higher management.
Finally lets look at your situation as you have said it is, as it is , or you think it is, you can’t change things that have happened, so please stop worrying about it, as for they speak in Polish, don’t tell me let me guess, they are Polish, well or course they may speak in their native tongue, because it’s easier than English, I spent a lot of time in Germany working with German staff, they could speak English of sorts, but they used to speak German to each other, now why do you think that was, yes your correct it was easier for them.
Were they talking about me, I don’t know because at that time I did speak German, so I decided they were not speaking about me, they were speaking about work, so you should do the same.
I feel that you really should have a brandy and stop being so paranoid, it will not do you any good, you can not change what has happened in the past by being paranoid, proof of this, what have you changed that has happened in the past, answer nothing, you can’t, so your wasting your life by being paranoid, I will let you off being worried, that’s normal, but only you can change things and the meeting is the first stage.
I think it won’t be as bad as you think, answer your self this how many things have you got wrong since you worked there, BUT how many things have you got right, see you forget the right things, and hone in on the wrong ones, I bet there are more right things than wrong.
Reference the wrong things ask yourself did you receive suitable and sufficient traiinng and were you allowed to practice these newely lerant skills, before going solo so to speak.
Good Luck the future, and don’t be a puppy (or is it puppyess:) ) in the meeting and roll over to things that are not correct, remember you choose to “fight not flight!

The only way is to attend the meeting. They’ll discuss your progress and possibly try to bear in mind what has been happening to you of late. Maybe there’s a less stressful post they can put you in for a while. If you talk openly about your problems they’re more likely to understand. Good luck.